Yilun Liu, PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Therapeutic Radiology
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yilun.liu@yale.edu Phone: 203.785.5303 Fax: 203.785.7482 Yale University School of Medicine Department of Therapeutic Radiology P.O. Box 208040 HRT 213D New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8040 |
Degrees/Education:
B.S., Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995
Ph.D., Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 2000
Faculty Appointments:
Postdoctoral Fellow, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall Laboratories (2001-2006)
Assistant Professor, Yale University School of Medicine, Therapeutic Radiology (9/2006)
Certifications/Honors:
1996-2000 Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Pre-doctoral Fellow in Biological Sciences
2001-2004 American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellow
2005-2006 Breast Cancer Campaign Postdoctoral Fellow
2007-2008 Awarded The Bloom’s Syndrome Foundation Research Grant
2007-2009 Awarded American Federation for Aging Research Grant
2008-2009 Awarded Breast Cancer Alliance Young Investigator Award
2008-2013 Awarded National Cancer Institute R01 Grant
May 2004 Invited Speaker, EMBO Workshop: Recombination and Genome Stability (Seilac, France)
Jan 2005 Invited Speaker, Gordon Research Conference: Mammalian DNA Repair (Ventura, CA)
May 2008 Invited Speaker, Molecular and Clinical Mechanisms in Bloom’s Syndrome and related Disorders (Chicago, IL)
May 2009 Invited Speaker, ICGEB Conference: Proteomic characterization of macromolecular complexes involved in DNA metabolism (Trieste, Italy)
Research Interests:
The integrity of our chromosomal material is dependent upon the efficient repair of DNA lesions that are caused by exogenous agents, such as UV and ionizing radiation. Without comprehensive DNA repair and surveillance systems, broken chromosomes and mutations accumulate in cells leading to apoptosis, which could have devastating consequences in growth and development of an organism. Lost of genome integrity can also lead to cell transformation, a precursor of cancer development. Many cancer suppressor genes are linked to DNA repair. Therefore, understanding the roles of these cancer suppressor proteins will not only allow us to understand mechanisms of different repair pathways but also how they are regulated and coordinated with each other as caretakers of the genome.
A set of proteins belonging to the RecQ family are among the cancer suppressors linked to DNA repair. During the course of evolution, RecQ genes appear to have been amplified and diverged from a single copy of the RecQ gene in bacteria and yeast to five RECQ homologs in humans. The human RecQ proteins share many similar biochemical properties in vitro and are implicated in many common processes, suggesting they have overlapping functions in vivo. Yet these proteins are not redundant, as mutations in different RECQ proteins lead to different clinical syndromes. So far, BLM, WRN and RECQ4 have been associated with distinct clinical diseases: Bloom Syndrome, Werner Syndrome and Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome, respectively. Individuals with Bloom Syndrome or Rothmund-Thompson Syndrome exhibit various physical and mental developmental abnormalities, while Werner Syndrome patients’ most striking phenotype is premature aging. Most importantly, all these patients, in particular Bloom syndrome patients, have a high risk of cancer predisposition. As a consequence, cancer is the primary cause of death for Bloom Syndrome patients before the age of 30.
These varieties of clinical features shown by individuals with RECQ-related diseases indicate that the human RECQ homologs have evolved to function in distinct pathways to protect the integrity of our genome and ensure proper development. A defect in one RECQ protein is sufficient to cause cell transformation and tumorigenesis, and this defect cannot be compensated by other RECQ proteins. To date, we have limited understanding on what makes the human RECQ proteins different from each other in order to cause different phenotypes or clinical syndromes. Our long-term agenda is to dissect the functions of individual RECQ proteins in human cells, and these studies will allow us to compare the similarities and differences among the RECQ proteins. Through these comparisons we can then understand what aspects of genome maintenance and DNA metabolism are required for normal development and cancer prevention.
Selected Publications
Xu, X., Rochette P.J., Feyissa, E.A., Su, T.V. and Liu, Y. MCM10 mediates RECQ4 association with MCM2-7 helicase complex during DNA replication. EMBO J, in press. (2009)
Aygun, O., Xu, X., Liu, Y., Takahashi, H., Kong, S.E., Conaway, R.C., Conaway, J.W. and Svejstrup, J.Q. Direct inhibition of RNA Polymerase II transcription by RECQL5. J Biol Chem, in press. (2009)
Xu, X. and Liu, Y. Dual DNA unwinding activities of the human Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome protein RECQ4. EMBO J, 28, 568-577. (2009)
Aygun, O., Svejstrup, J. and Liu, Y. A RECQ5-RNA Polymerase II association identified by targeted proteomic analysis of human chromatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105, 8580-8584. (2008)
Liu, Y., Tarsounas, M., O’Regan, P. and West, S.C. Role of RAD51C and XRCC3 in genetic recombination and DNA repair. J Biol Chem, 282, 1973-1979. (2007)
Kuznetsov S., Pellegrini, M., Shuda, K.,Fernandes-Capetillo, O., Liu, Y., Martin, B.K., Burkett, S., Southon, E., Pati, D., Tessarollo, L., West, S.C., Donavan, P.J., Nussenzweig, A. and Sharan, S.K. RAD51C deficiency in mice results in early prophase I arrest in males and sister chromatid separation at metaphase II in females. J Cell Biol, 176, 581-592. (2007)
McIlwraith M.J., Vaisman, A., Liu, Y., Fanning, E., Woodgate, R. and West, S.C. Human DNA Polymerase η promotes DNA synthesis from strand invasion intermediates (D-loops) of homologous recombination. Mol Cell, 20, 783-792. (2005)
Esashi, F., Chris, N., Gannon, J., Liu, Y., Hunt, T., Jasin, M. and West, S.C. CDK-dependent phosphorylation of BRCA2 as a regulatory mechanism for recombinational repair. Nature, 434, 598-604. (2005)
Liu, Y. and West, S.C. Happy Hollidays: 40th Anniversary of the Holliday Junction. Nature Rev in Mol Cell Biol, 5, 937-944. (2004)
Liu, Y., Masson, J-Y, Shah, R., O’-Regan, P. and West, S.C. RAD51C is required for Holliday Junction processing in mammalian cells. Science 303, 243-246. (2004)
Garcia, L.P., Liu, Y., Jiricny, J., West, S.C. and Janscak, P. Human RecQ5ß, a protein with DNA helicase and strand-annealing activities on the same polypeptide. EMBO J, 23, 2882-2891. (2004)
Liu, Y., Stasiak, A.Z., Masson, J-Y, Stasiak A. and West, S.C. Conformational changes modulate the activity of human RAD51 protein. J Mol Biol 337, 817-827. (2004)
Singleton, M.R., Wentzell, L.M., Liu, Y., West, S.C. and Wigley D.B. Structure of the single-strand annealing domain of human RAD52 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99, 13492-13497. (2002)
Liu, Y. and West, S.C. Distinct functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in double-strand break repair. Breast Cancer Res, 4, 9-13. (2002)
Liu, Y. and Maizels, N. Coordinated Response of Mammalian Rad51 and Rad52 to DNA damage. EMBO Rep, 1, 85-90. (2000)
Liu, Y., Li, M-J., Lee, E.Y. and Maizels, N. Localization and dynamic relocalization of Mammalian Rad52 during the cell cycle and in response to DNA damage. Curr Biol, 9, 975-978. (1999)
